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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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libya.4
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1991-04-08
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Economy
Overview: The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily
upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes virtually
all export earnings and over 50% to GNP. Since 1980, however,
the sharp drop in oil prices and resulting decline in export
revenues has adversely affected economic development. In
1986 per capita GNP was the highest in Africa at $5,410,
but it had been $2,000 higher in 1982. Severe cutbacks in
imports over the past five years have led to shortages of
basic goods and foodstuffs, although the reopening of the
Libyan-Tunisian border in April 1988 and the Libyan-Egyptian
border in December 1989 have somewhat eased shortages. Austerity
budgets and a lack of trained technicians have undermined
the government's ability to implement a number of planned
infrastructure development projects. The nonoil industrial
and construction sectors, which account for about 15% of
GNP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products
to include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although
agriculture accounts for less than 5% of GNP, it employs
20% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils
severely limit farm output, requiring Libya to import about
75% of its food requirements.
GNP: $20 billion, per capita $5,410; real growth rate 0%
(1988 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20% (1988 est.).
Unemployment rate: 2% (1988 est.).
Budget: revenues $6.4 billion; expenditures $11.3 billion,
including capital expenditures of $3.6 billion (1986 est.).
Exports: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--
petroleum, peanuts, hides; partners--Italy, USSR, FRG, Spain,
France, Belgium/Luxembourg, Turkey.
Imports: $5.0 billion (f.o.b., 1988 est.); commodities--machinery,
transport equipment, food, manufactured goods; partners--Italy,
USSR, FRG, UK, Japan.
External debt: $2.1 billion, excluding military debt (December 1988).
Industrial production: growth rate NA%.
Electricity: 4,580,000 kW capacity; 13,360 million kWh produced,
3,270 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts,
cement.
Agriculture: 5% of GNP; cash crops--wheat, barley, olives,
dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported.
Aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $242 million.
Currency: Libyan dinar (plural--dinars); 1 Libyan dinar
(LD) = 1,000 dirhams.
Exchange rates: Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1--0.2896 (January
1990), 0.2922 (1989), 0.2853 (1988), 0.2706 (1987), 0.3139
(1986), 0.2961 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.